Questions in collaborative therapy are asked not to gather information and not to direct the client to the "right" answer, but to open a space of dialogue. Such questions are generative: they bring forth new meanings right in the process of the client's answering. A question is an invitation to mutual inquiry, not an instrument of management or control of the conversation. Anderson described this as "questions that are born from the conversation itself", not from a theory or technique. Each question arises from what the client has just said.
Step-by-step guide
- Listen to what the client is saying — without planning the next question in parallel
- Ask questions that arise from the client's own account, not from technique or theory
- Phrase questions softly, in the form of curiosity: "I am curious.", "I wonder."
- Allow a pause after the question — do not rush the answer
- Watch: does the question open something new? If not — change direction
When to use
- When the client is "stuck" in a habitual narrative
- When you want to understand something more deeply, without leading to a ready answer
- When the problem seems "stuck" and unchanging
- When inquiring into the meaning of the client's words and concepts
Key phrases
I am curious — what does this word mean for you? (insert the client's word)
How did you arrive at this understanding of the situation?
Follow-up questions
What else is happening in this situation that we have not yet talked about?
What might be different if.?
What stands behind this for you?
Alternative phrasings
When you say "X", what do you mean exactly?
I am wondering. how do you live with this?
Warnings
- ⚠️ Avoid "why" questions at the start — they provoke self-defense and explanations
- ⚠️ Do not ask several questions in a row — that creates pressure and breaks the dialogue
- ⚠️ Questions from theory ("so what is your narrative about yourself?") destroy the dialogicality
Source: Anderson, H. 1997; Anderson, H. & Goolishian, H. 1992
Materials are informational and educational and summarize publicly available scientific sources. They are not medical or psychological advice, are not intended for self-diagnosis or self-treatment, and do not replace consultation with a qualified professional.