Strupp's formulation of a repeated interpersonal cycle that begins with the client's expectation and ends by confirming the very outcome they fear.
Step-by-step guide
- Identify the client's expectation of others
- Identify the client's habitual response
- Identify the effect on others
- Show how the outcome confirms the expectation
- Explore alternative responses in the therapeutic relationship
When to use
- When interpersonal cycles repeat
- When the alliance can be used as a live laboratory
- When the client feels trapped in relational outcomes
Key phrases
The way you protect yourself may help create the response you fear.
Follow-up questions
What do others do after you withdraw?
How does that confirm the old expectation?
Alternative phrasings
This is a cycle, not a personal failure.
Let us map the loop.
Warnings
- ⚠️ Avoid blaming the client
- ⚠️ Hold both vulnerability and agency
- ⚠️ Use concrete examples
Source: Strupp, H. Time-Limited Dynamic Psychotherapy
Materials are informational and educational and summarize publicly available scientific sources. They are not medical or psychological advice, are not intended for self-diagnosis or self-treatment, and do not replace consultation with a qualified professional.