A chain of open, deepening questions that helps the client reach their own values, meanings, and choices. Unlike in CBT, the aim is not the uncovering of cognitive errors but the awakening of the client's own knowledge about themselves. The method goes back to the maieutics of Socrates: the therapist does not teach and does not advise, but creates a space in which the client discovers what they already know.
Step-by-step guide
- Listen first — enter the client's world before the first question
- The first question is focusing, narrowing the field: "Which of these is most important?"
- A chain of deepening questions: "Why is this important?" → "What does it mean?" → "Do you see a contradiction here?"
- Hold the pauses — give time to think, do not fill the silence
- Do not steer toward a prepared answer — the questions are neutral; the answer belongs to the client
When to use
- A difficult choice between values (career vs family, freedom vs security)
- Existential vacuum — nothing excites or engages
- Following others' values and scripts
- A reappraisal of life at turning points
- Identity crisis and the search for direction
Key phrases
If the problem were solved — how would you want to live the remaining time? What really matters?
Follow-up questions
When did you feel truly alive — what were you doing?
You say "cannot". But if you could — what pulls you?
Why precisely this is important? What stands behind it?
Alternative phrasings
"Imagine yourself in 10 years. What would you want to be in your life?"
"What would you advise a close friend in your situation?"
Warnings
- ⚠️ Do not use as philosophizing in an acute crisis or suicidal risk
- ⚠️ It does not work in panic or dissociation — stabilization is needed first
- ⚠️ Excessive questioning may be felt as pressure or interrogation
Source: Frankl, 1959 — From Death Camp to Existentialism; Längle, 2003 — Person
Materials are informational and educational and summarize publicly available scientific sources. They are not medical or psychological advice, are not intended for self-diagnosis or self-treatment, and do not replace consultation with a qualified professional.