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Meaning

33 techniques · 15 approaches
CBT
Pleasure and Mastery Scheduling
Pleasure and Mastery Scheduling
A refinement of activity scheduling that distinguishes activities that bring pleasure from activities that bring mastery, competence or mean…
CoLeC
Problem-Dissolving Through Dialogue
Problem-Dissolving Through Dialogue
Anderson and Goolishian introduced the notion of the "problem-organizing, problem-dissolving system": a problem is not an "objective reality…
Deurzen
Values and Meaning Clarification
Values and Meaning Clarification
Van Deurzen places central importance on work with values as the foundation of life's meaning. Meaning is not given in advance — it is const…
Deurzen
Überwelt Exploration / Spiritual Dimension Work
Überwelt Exploration / Spiritual Dimension Work
Überwelt (the over-world / spiritual dimension) is the "quietest" and often least explored dimension in van Deurzen. It includes religious a…
E-I Therapy
Awe Cultivation
Awe Cultivation
A structured Existential-Integrative Therapy technique focused on awe cultivation. It gives the therapist a concrete way to translate the ap…
Focusing
Asking the Felt Sense
Asking the Felt Sense
Deepening the work: once the precise handle is found, the therapist helps the client pose a question directly to the felt sense. The answer …
Frankl
Dereflection
Dereflection
A technique for redirecting attention from hyper-reflection (excessive self-observation) and hyper-intention toward values and meanings that…
Frankl
Logo-Analysis / Value Analysis
Logo-Analysis / Value Analysis
A systematic inquiry into the client's value system: what they consider important, what they actually realize in life, where there is a gap …
Frankl
Noögenic Neurosis — Diagnosis and Intervention
Noögenic Neurosis — Diagnosis and Intervention
A diagnostic concept and an intervention at once: the differentiation of psychogenic neurosis (source in drives, childhood experience) from …
Frankl
Self-Transcendence Exploration
Self-Transcendence Exploration
Helping the client uncover and activate their natural capacity to go beyond themselves — toward another person, a cause, an idea, a value. S…
Frankl
Socratic / Maieutic Dialogue
Socratic / Maieutic Dialogue
A logotherapeutic conversation through questions that help the client discover for themselves the hidden meaning and the resources of their …
Frankl
Value Clarification — Three Pathways to Meaning
Value Clarification — Three Pathways to Meaning
A structured inquiry into Frankl's three sources of meaning: creative values (what I create), experiential values (what I receive from the w…
Frankl
Your Life in the Movies
Your Life in the Movies
The client is invited to imagine that their life is a film they are watching from the outside as a viewer. The exercise activates self-dista…
Gottman
Creating Shared Meaning
Creating Shared Meaning
Exploring and strengthening the top floor of the House of Relationship: shared rituals, values, roles, and goals of the couple.
Gottman
Dreams Within Conflict
Dreams Within Conflict
Exploring the unspoken dreams and values that stand behind each partner's position in a gridlocked conflict.
Jung
Working with Synchronicity
Working with Synchronicity
Synchronicity — "an acausal connecting principle" (Jung, 1952): meaningful coincidences between external events and inner psychic states. In…
Längle
Four Fundamental Motivations (FM1–FM4)
Four Fundamental Motivations (FM1–FM4)
An anthropological map of the four basic existential questions every person meets. Introduced by Längle in 1993. FM1 — "Can I be?" (being, s…
Längle
Meaning-Finding Method
Meaning-Finding Method
A practical method of finding meaning, published by Längle in 1988. Built on four successive steps: perception of value in the situation, it…
Längle
Self-Distancing and Self-Transcendence
Self-Distancing and Self-Transcendence
Two complementary capacities that form the "personal" pole of the Existence Scale (ESK). Self-distancing is the capacity to look at oneself …
Morita
Desire for Life (Sei-no-Yokubo) Work
Desire for Life (Sei-no-Yokubo) Work
Uncovering and supporting the fundamental striving toward life — sei-no-yokubo. Perfectionism and anxiety are not enemies but distorted form…
Reality
Quality World Exploration
Quality World Exploration
A structured Reality Therapy technique focused on quality world exploration. It gives the therapist a concrete way to translate the approach…
SFBT
Reframing
Reframing
Classical reframing is a change of meaning without a change of facts. "Your husband forgets your birthday" can be redefined as "Your husband…
UP
Downward Arrow Technique
Downward Arrow Technique
A guided questioning technique for identifying the core fear, belief, or meaning beneath an automatic appraisal.
WBT
Purpose in Life Exploration
Purpose in Life Exploration
Work on the purpose-in-life dimension: searching for meaning, clarifying values and direction, and planning meaningful action.
Yalom
Attitude Modulation
Attitude Modulation
When an event is unchangeable — illness, loss, the death of a loved one, disability — the work is aimed at changing the attitude toward it. …
Yalom
Confronting Meaninglessness
Confronting Meaninglessness
A meeting with the possibility that there is no objective meaning — no higher purpose, no guaranteed significance of life. Yalom, drawing on…
Yalom
Death Awareness
Death Awareness
A conscious meeting with the fact of one's own finitude as a resource for reorientation: small grievances lose weight; what really matters b…
Yalom
Discovering Meaning
Discovering Meaning
An exploration of Frankl's three sources of meaning: creativity (creating something — work, ideas, art), experience (love, beauty, encounter…
Yalom
Four Dimensions of Existence (van Deurzen)
Four Dimensions of Existence (van Deurzen)
A structure for exploring the client's life through four dimensions: physical (Umwelt — body, health, nature), social (Mitwelt — people, rel…
Yalom
Life Review (Yalom / Butler)
Life Review (Yalom / Butler)
A review of life as a coherent, meaningful narrative: turning points, lessons, legacy, unfinished matters. Butler developed this method for …
Yalom
Logoanalysis (Frankl / Fabry)
Logoanalysis (Frankl / Fabry)
A systematic inquiry into values and meanings through structured questions, writing, and drawing. Logoanalysis helps move from abstract awar…
Yalom
Rippling / Legacy
Rippling / Legacy
To help the client see that their life leaves a trace in other people — waves of influence ripple out and continue far, even when invisible.…
Yalom
Socratic Dialogue
Socratic Dialogue
A chain of open, deepening questions that helps the client reach their own values, meanings, and choices. Unlike in CBT, the aim is not the …
Materials are informational and educational and summarize publicly available scientific sources. They are not medical or psychological advice, are not intended for self-diagnosis or self-treatment, and do not replace consultation with a qualified professional.